Molecular Diagnostics in Modern Medicine: Fundamental Concepts and Clinical Significance

Abstract

Molecular diagnostic methods have become integral to contemporary medical practice, enabling precise identification
of genetic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases at the level of nucleic acids. This introductory article aims to present the
fundamental concepts of molecular research, define key terminology, and outline the clinical relevance of molecular diagnostics.
The article is intended as the first in a series, providing a conceptual framework for subsequent, more specialized publications.