A Retrospective Review of Histopathological Findings in Hysterectomy Specimens Diagnosed with Uterine Leiomyoma in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the female genital tract. Its growth and development depend on the
patient's age and hormonal balance, occurring predominantly in reproductive and premenopausal women. The aim of the study
is to retrospectively evaluate the histopathological results of hysterectomy specimens with adnexa (and/or without adnexa)
operated under the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A retrospective
study was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological sections of hysterectomy specimens (with or
without adnexa) diagnosed with leiomyoma from the Department of Morphology. The sample included patients aged 51–60 and
over 60 years from the National Center of Surgery (2016–2019; 73.03%) and patients of corresponding ages from Chachava Clinic
(1981–1990; 27.0%). Results: Among patients aged 51–60 treated between 2016 and 2019, uterine leiomyoma was clinically
symptomatic in 89.2% and asymptomatic in 10.8%. In contrast, among women over 60 years, the tumor was clinically
symptomatic in 63.4% and asymptomatic in 36.6%. Solitary leiomyoma nodules were identified in 41.4% of patients aged 51
60, while multiple nodules were observed in 58.6%. For patients over 60 years, single nodules accounted for 39% and multiple
nodules for 61%. Based on nodule size, cases were classified into three groups: up to 4 cm, 4–8 cm, and greater than 8 cm.
Nodules up to 4 cm were found in 47.7% of patients aged 51–60 and in 73.2% of those over 60. Nodules measuring 4–8 cm were
observed in 39.6% of patients aged 51–60 and in 19.5% of those over 60. Leiomyomas larger than 8 cm were present in 12.6%
of patients aged 51–60 and in 7.3% of patients over 60.